Body / Health Word Dictionary

体—body

からだ

The complete physical form of a person.

頭—head

あたま

The upper part of the body containing the brain and face.

顔—face

かお

The front of the head where the eyes, nose, and mouth are.

目—eye

め

The organ used for seeing.

耳—ear

みみ

The organ used for hearing sounds.

鼻—nose

はな

The part used for breathing and smelling.

口—mouth

くち

The opening used for eating, speaking, and breathing.

歯—tooth

は

A hard structure in the mouth used to bite and chew food.

舌—tongue

した

The soft part in the mouth used for tasting and speaking.

首—neck

くび

The part that connects the head to the rest of the body.

肩—shoulder

かた

The part where the arm joins the upper body.

腕—arm

うで

The limb extending from the shoulder to the hand.

手—hand

て

The part at the end of the arm used to hold and touch.

指—finger

ゆび

One of the movable parts extending from the hand.

胸—chest

むね

The front upper part of the body between the neck and stomach.

背中—back

せなか

The rear part of the body from the shoulders downward.

腹—belly

はら

The front lower part of the body below the chest.

脚—leg

あし

The limb used for standing and walking.

膝—knee

ひざ

The joint in the middle of the leg that allows it to bend.

腰—waist

こし

The middle part of the body between the chest and hips.

足の指—toe

あしのゆび

One of the small movable parts at the end of the foot.

肌—skin

はだ

The outer covering that protects the body.

髪—hair

かみ

The strands that grow from the skin of the head.

心臓—heart

しんぞう

The organ that pumps blood through the body.

血—blood

ち

The red liquid that flows through the body and carries needed substances.

額—forehead

ひたい

The front part of the head above the eyes.

眉毛—eyebrow

まゆげ

The line of hair growing above each eye.

瞼—eyelid

まぶた

The movable skin that opens and closes over the eye.

睫毛—eyelash

まつげ

One of the short hairs growing along the edge of an eyelid.

頬—cheek

ほお

The soft side of the face below the eye.

顎—chin

あご

The lowest front part of the face below the mouth.

唇—lip

くちびる

One of the two soft edges around the opening of the mouth.

喉—throat

のど

The passage inside the neck used for breathing and swallowing.

肘—elbow

ひじ

The joint in the middle of the arm that allows it to bend.

手首—wrist

てくび

The joint connecting the hand to the arm.

手のひら—palm

てのひら

The inner flat surface of the hand.

親指—thumb

おやゆび

The short thick finger set apart from the other fingers.

爪—nail

つめ

The hard thin covering at the end of a finger.

太もも—thigh

ふともも

The upper part of the leg between the hip and knee.

脹脛—calf

ふくらはぎ

The fleshy back part of the lower leg.

足首—ankle

あしくび

The joint connecting the foot area to the leg.

踵—heel

かかと

The rounded back part at the bottom of the foot.

足裏—sole

あしうら

The lower surface of the foot that touches the ground.

骨—bone

ほね

A hard part inside the body that supports its shape.

筋肉—muscle

きんにく

Body tissue that tightens and relaxes to create movement.

脳—brain

のう

The organ in the head that controls thought, feeling, and movement.

肺—lung

はい

One of the organs in the chest used for breathing.

肝臓—liver

かんぞう

An organ that processes nutrients and removes harmful substances.

腎臓—kidney

じんぞう

One of the organs that filters waste from the blood.

胃—stomach

い

The organ where food is held and broken down after swallowing.

呼吸する—breathe

こきゅうする

To take air into the lungs and release it again.

瞬く—blink

またたく

To close and open the eyelids quickly.

見る—see

みる

To notice light, shapes, or movement with the eyes.

聞く—hear

きく

To notice sound through the ears.

飲み込む—swallow

のみこむ

To move food or liquid from the mouth down the throat.

噛む—chew

かむ

To crush food with the teeth before swallowing.

齧る—bite

かじる

To press or cut something with the teeth.

舐める—lick

なめる

To move the tongue across a surface.

眠る—sleep

ねむる

To rest with the eyes closed and awareness reduced.

目覚める—wake

めざめる

To stop sleeping and become aware again.

立つ—stand

たつ

To hold the body upright on the feet.

座る—sit

すわる

To rest the lower body on a surface while upright.

歩く—walk

あるく

To move forward by taking steps without running.

走る—run

はしる

To move quickly with steps that briefly leave the ground.

跳ぶ—jump

とぶ

To push the body off the ground into the air.

曲げる—bend

まげる

To change a straight body part into a curved position.

伸ばす—stretch

のばす

To extend a body part to its full length.

回る—turn

まわる

To move the body around toward another direction.

振る—shake

ふる

To move a body part repeatedly from side to side.

持ち上げる—lift

もちあげる

To raise something or a body part upward.

転ぶ—fall

ころぶ

To lose balance and drop to the ground.

休む—rest

やすむ

To stop activity so the body or mind can recover.

這う—crawl

はう

To move close to the ground using the hands and knees or body.

跪く—kneel

ひざまずく

To lower the body so one or both knees touch the ground.

運動する—exercise

うんどうする

To move the body deliberately to improve strength or health.

調子が良い—well

ちょうしがよい

Feeling healthy and in good condition.

具合が悪い—sick

ぐあいがわるい

Not feeling well because of illness.

痛い—painful

いたい

Causing or feeling physical pain.

息苦しい—breathless

いきぐるしい

Having difficulty breathing after effort or illness.

腫れている—swollen

はれている

Larger than normal because of injury or irritation.

かゆい—itchy

Having a skin feeling that makes one want to scratch.

めまいがする—dizzy

Feeling as if the body or surroundings are spinning.

吐き気がする—nauseous

はきけがする

Feeling as if vomiting may happen.

疲れている—tired

つかれている

Needing rest because energy has been used.

空腹だ—hungry

くうふくだ

Feeling a need for food.

喉が渇いている—thirsty

のどがかわいている

Feeling a need for water.

眠い—sleepy

ねむい

Feeling a desire or need to sleep.

目が覚めている—awake

めがさめている

Not sleeping and aware of the surroundings.

弱い—weak

よわい

Having little physical strength or energy.

強い—strong

つよい

Having plenty of physical strength.

青白い—pale

あおじろい

Having unusually little color in the face or skin.

汗ばんでいる—sweaty

あせばんでいる

Covered with or producing sweat.

清潔だ—clean

せいけつだ

Free from dirt or harmful substances.

汚い—dirty

きたない

Covered with dirt or unclean substances.

丈夫—fit

じょうぶ

In good physical condition for activity.

柔軟だ—flexible

じゅうなんだ

Able to bend and move easily.

硬い—stiff

かたい

Hard to bend or move freely.

しびれている—numb

Unable to feel touch normally in a body part.

意識がある—conscious

いしきがある

Awake and aware of oneself and the surroundings.

意識がない—unconscious

いしきがない

Not awake or aware of the surroundings.

洗う—wash

あらう

To clean the body or a body part with water.

すすぐ—rinse

To use clean water to remove soap or dirt.

吐く—spit

はく

To force saliva or another substance out of the mouth.

つねる—pinch

To squeeze skin or a small body part between the fingers.

梳かす—comb

とかす

To make hair neat by passing a comb through it.

入浴する—bathe

にゅうよくする

To wash the whole body in water.

乾かす—dry

かわかす

To remove water from the body, hair, or skin.

消毒する—disinfect

しょうどくする

To clean a place or wound to reduce harmful germs.

覆う—cover

おおう

To place clean material over a wound for protection.

巻く—wrap

まく

To wind material around an injured body part.

押す—press

おす

To push steadily on a body area with the hand or fingers.

擦る—rub

こする

To move the hand back and forth over the skin.

掻く—scratch

かく

To move the nails across itchy skin.

塗る—apply

ぬる

To spread medicine or cream over the skin.

吸い込む—inhale

すいこむ

To draw air into the lungs.

吐き出す—exhale

はきだす

To send air out of the lungs.

あくびする—yawn

To open the mouth wide and take a deep breath when tired or sleepy.

鼾—snoring

いびき

A rough breathing sound made while sleeping.

震える—shiver

ふるえる

To shake slightly because of cold, fear, or illness.

気絶する—faint

きぜつする

To lose consciousness for a short time.

治る—heal

なおる

To become healthy again after illness or injury.

鍛える—strengthen

きたえる

To make the body or a body part stronger through repeated activity.

くつろぐ—relax

To let the body and mind become calm and less tense.

横になる—lie down

よこになる

To place the body flat on a bed or other surface.

起き上がる—get up

おきあがる

To rise from a bed or a lying position.

病気—illness

びょうき

A condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally.

痛み—pain

いたみ

An unpleasant feeling caused by injury or a problem in the body.

熱—fever

ねつ

A fever means the body’s temperature has risen above its normal range.

風邪—cold

かぜ

A common mild illness that often affects the nose and throat.

咳—cough

せき

A sudden action that forces air out through the throat.

嚔—sneeze

くしゃみ

A sudden burst of air through the nose and mouth.

頭痛—headache

ずつう

Pain felt in the head.

腹痛—stomachache

ふくつう

Pain felt in the belly.

歯痛—toothache

しつう

Pain felt in or around a tooth.

傷—wound

きず

An area where the skin or flesh has been damaged.

青あざ—bruise

あおあざ

A dark mark under the skin caused by a hit or pressure.

火傷—burn

やけど

An injury caused by heat, fire, or a hot substance.

腫れ—swelling

はれ

An enlarged body area caused by injury or irritation.

痒み—itch

かゆみ

A skin feeling that makes a person want to scratch.

発疹—rash

はっしん

A group of red or irritated spots that appears on the skin.

傷跡—scar

きずあと

A lasting mark left after a wound has healed.

目眩—dizziness

めまい

A feeling that the body or surroundings are spinning or unsteady.

吐き気—nausea

はきけ

An uncomfortable feeling that may come before vomiting.

疲労—fatigue

ひろう

A strong lack of physical or mental energy.

空腹—hunger

くうふく

The feeling that appears when the body needs food.

渇き—thirst

かわき

The feeling that appears when the body needs water.

回復—recovery

かいふく

The process of becoming healthy or strong again.

怪我—injury

けが

Physical damage caused by an accident, fall, or impact.

感染—infection

かんせん

A condition caused when harmful germs enter and multiply in the body.

鼻血—nosebleed

はなぢ

Bleeding that comes from inside the nose.

腸—intestine

ちょう

The long organ that digests food and carries away waste.

背骨—spine

せぼね

The line of bones supporting the center of the back.

肋骨—rib

ろっこつ

One of the curved bones protecting the chest organs.

頭蓋骨—skull

ずがいこつ

The hard bones surrounding and protecting the brain.

関節—joint

かんせつ

The place where two bones meet and movement can occur.

静脈—vein

じょうみゃく

A blood vessel that carries blood back toward the heart.

動脈—artery

どうみゃく

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

神経—nerve

しんけい

A thin body structure that carries signals between the brain and body.

汗—sweat

あせ

Liquid released through the skin when the body is hot or active.

涙—tear

なみだ

Liquid that comes from the eyes during emotion or irritation.

唾液—saliva

だえき

Liquid in the mouth that moistens food and helps digestion.

息—breath

いき

Air taken into and released from the lungs.

声—voice

こえ

Sound produced by a person when speaking or singing.

視力—sight

しりょく

The ability of the eyes to see clearly.

聴力—hearing

ちょうりょく

The ability of the ears to detect sounds.

嗅覚—smell

きゅうかく

The sense that detects odors through the nose.

味覚—taste

みかく

The sense that detects flavors in the mouth.

触覚—touch

しょっかく

The sense that detects contact, pressure, and texture through the skin.

体温—body temperature

たいおん

The degree of warmth inside a person's body.

脈拍—pulse

みゃくはく

The regular beat felt as the heart moves blood.

身長—height

しんちょう

The measurement from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head.

体重—weight

たいじゅう

How heavy a person's body is.

力—strength

ちから

The physical ability to push, pull, lift, or endure.

元気—energy

げんき

The physical and mental power to be active.

健康—health

けんこう

Health is the state of the body and mind working well.

薬—medicine

くすり

A substance used to treat illness or reduce symptoms.

病院—hospital

びょういん

A place where sick or injured people receive medical care.

診療所—clinic

しんりょうじょ

A small medical place where people receive examination and treatment.

薬局—pharmacy

やっきょく

A place that prepares and sells medicine.

医者—doctor

いしゃ

A person trained to find and treat health problems.

看護師—nurse

かんごし

A person who cares for patients and supports medical treatment.

患者—patient

かんじゃ

A person receiving medical examination or treatment.

救急車—ambulance

きゅうきゅうしゃ

A vehicle that quickly carries sick or injured people for medical care.

包帯—bandage

ほうたい

A strip of material wrapped around an injured body part.

絆創膏—adhesive bandage

ばんそうこう

A small sticky covering placed over a minor wound.

体温計—thermometer

たいおんけい

A tool used to measure body temperature.

注射—injection

ちゅうしゃ

Medicine given into the body through a needle.

治療—treatment

ちりょう

Medical care given to improve an illness or injury.

診察—examination

しんさつ

A medical check to understand a person's condition.

診断—diagnosis

しんだん

The identification of an illness from signs and examination.

手術—surgery

しゅじゅつ

Medical treatment performed by operating on part of the body.

処方—prescription

しょほう

A medical instruction stating which medicine a patient should use.

緊急—emergency

きんきゅう

A dangerous situation that requires immediate action.

応急手当—first aid

おうきゅうてあて

Immediate basic care given before full medical treatment is available.

世話—care

せわ

Help given to protect someone's health and comfort.

予防—prevention

よぼう

Action taken to stop illness or injury before it happens.

衛生—hygiene

えいせい

Practices that keep the body and surroundings clean and healthy.

栄養—nutrition

えいよう

Substances from food that help the body grow and function.

習慣—habit

しゅうかん

A behavior repeated regularly until it becomes usual.

健康診断—checkup

けんこうしんだん

A health examination performed to find problems early.

消化—digestion

しょうか

The process of breaking food down so the body can use it.

食欲—appetite

しょくよく

The natural desire to eat food.

免疫—immunity

めんえき

The body's ability to resist harmful germs and disease.

成長—growth

せいちょう

The process of becoming larger and more developed.

思春期—puberty

ししゅんき

The period when a child's body develops toward adulthood.

月経—menstruation

げっけい

The regular release of blood from the uterus as part of the reproductive cycle.

血圧—blood pressure

けつあつ

The force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels.

循環—circulation

じゅんかん

The continuous movement of blood around the body.

姿勢—posture

しせい

The way a person holds the body while sitting, standing, or moving.

平衡—balance

へいこう

The ability to keep the body steady without falling.

眠気—sleepiness

ねむけ

The feeling of wanting or needing to sleep.

脱水—dehydration

だっすい

Dehydration happens when the body loses more water than it takes in.

肥満—obesity

ひまん

A condition of having an unhealthy amount of body fat.

不眠症—insomnia

ふみんしょう

A condition that makes it difficult to fall asleep or remain asleep.

骨折—fracture

こっせつ

A break or crack in a bone.

捻挫—sprain

ねんざ

An injury caused when a joint is twisted too far.

中毒—poisoning

ちゅうどく

Illness caused by a harmful substance entering the body.

窒息—choking

ちっそく

A dangerous condition in which breathing is blocked.

下痢—diarrhea

げり

A condition involving frequent loose or watery bowel movements.

便秘—constipation

べんぴ

Constipation makes bowel movements difficult or less frequent than usual.

嘔吐—vomiting

おうと

The forceful emptying of stomach contents through the mouth.

出血—bleeding

しゅっけつ

The loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel.

炎症—inflammation

えんしょう

The body's response that can cause redness, heat, swelling, or pain.

筋肉のつり—cramp

きんにくのつり

A sudden tightening of muscles that cannot be easily controlled.

意識—consciousness

いしき

The state of being awake and aware of oneself and the surroundings.

症状—symptom

しょうじょう

A change in the body or mind that may show illness or injury.

喘息—asthma

ぜんそく

A condition that can narrow the airways and make breathing difficult.

糖尿病—diabetes

とうにょうびょう

A disease in which the body has difficulty controlling blood sugar.

貧血—anemia

ひんけつ

Anemia leaves the blood unable to carry enough oxygen around the body.

癌—cancer

がん

A disease in which abnormal cells grow without proper control.

肺炎—pneumonia

はいえん

An illness in which the lungs become inflamed, often making breathing difficult.

高血圧—high blood pressure

こうけつあつ

High blood pressure means blood pressure stays above a healthy range.

低血圧—low blood pressure

ていけつあつ

Low blood pressure means blood pressure is below the usual range.

虫歯—cavity

むしば

A damaged area of a tooth caused by decay.

熱中症—heatstroke

ねっちゅうしょう

A dangerous illness caused by the body becoming too hot.

日焼け—sunburn

ひやけ

Skin damage caused by too much sunlight.

凍傷—frostbite

とうしょう

Damage to body tissue caused by extreme cold.

乗り物酔い—motion sickness

のりものよい

Nausea or dizziness caused by movement during travel.

近視—nearsightedness

きんし

A vision condition in which nearby objects are clearer than distant ones.

遠視—farsightedness

えんし

A vision condition in which nearby objects may appear unclear.

色盲—color blindness

しきもう

A condition that makes some colors difficult to tell apart.

難聴—hearing loss

なんちょう

A partial or complete reduction in the ability to hear sounds.

伝染病—contagious disease

でんせんびょう

An illness that can spread from one person or living thing to another.

慢性疾患—chronic disease

まんせいしっかん

An illness that lasts for a long time or repeatedly returns.

栄養失調—malnutrition

えいようしっちょう

Poor health caused by receiving too little or unbalanced nutrition.

夢遊病—sleepwalking

むゆうびょう

Sleepwalking is getting up or moving around while still asleep.

記憶喪失—memory loss

きおくそうしつ

The loss of some or all memories.

発作—seizure

ほっさ

A sudden episode in which body movement or awareness becomes uncontrolled.

脳卒中—stroke

のうそっちゅう

A serious condition caused when blood flow in the brain is blocked or a vessel bursts.

腎結石—kidney stone

じんけっせき

A hard mass that forms from substances in the urinary system.